- For loop in Python -

Loops:

Loops are control structures used to repeat a given section of code

● a certain number of times or

● until a particular condition is met.

How do we keep ourselves fit nowadays? We must be doing some exercises ..right?

The steps followed in doing the exercise are repeated many times ..isn’t it? Depending on the fitness level of the person, he can choose to repeat a step 10,20, or even 100 times. Now suppose, you want to write a program to simulate exercise steps. Is it feasible to write the same steps again and again? Also, how many times does it has to be repeated changes from person to person. Looping structures come to our rescue in such scenarios. Duplicating lines can be eliminated by repeating them a required number of times.

‘for’ loop

‘for loops’ are used when you have a block of code that you want to repeat a fixed number of times. A series of numbers within a given range.

Note :

● A range has 3 parameters -start, end, step. Here start and step is optional.

● If the start is not specified, by default it starts from 0.

● The end value is not included in the series.

● Start can be greater than stop. But in such cases, the step will be a negative number.

Let us see, how the for loop works?

For 1st iteration value of i is taken as 0, 2nd iteration value of i is 1, and so on.

Let's start writing some programs using for loop. We all like going on outings with our family, Imagine you are going on a long drive with your family.

A program to play the first 10 songs in the playlist on a long drive.

After some time, you get bored of listening to the songs from the same band. So you decided to change the sequence.

Let us Modify the above program to play alternate songs starting from 1 till song no 20.

But song 11 is the least favorite of your brother. He stops playing the songs when song 11 started.

Let us Modify the code to include this condition.

Output:

The car has stopped since the signal is red. Countdown from 10sec has started.

Program to simulate this countdown.

Once the signal turned green, the car started accelerating at a steady speed from 0km/pr to 70 km/hr with a speed increase of 10km/hr in between. Simulate this

Program to play the game of BINGO. The rules of the game are to count to 30. But instead of multiples of 3, you both should be saying BINGO. Simulation of this game:

Program to simulate the structure using for loop.

Comments

- Animating characters using pygame -

If you see closely you can see that the mickey mouse animation is made out of a lot of shapes. But to create something like this we need to make a very complex code. The other way around it is to use an image, other than the basic shapes, pygame also can show images. Using images : Steps to use images in my game: > find the image you want to use > move it to the directory where you have created your code > import/load image To load the image we will first create an object and then use the image. load method to add the image to the object. here, we have created an object called an image. We then use the "pygame.image.load" to find the file in the directory ocean.png has to be replaced with the filename of your file. To place the object on a particular point of the screen we use the blit function. this function means that we are going to add the image onto the screen at position 0,0 mickey mouse is winking Using text: We can also add text to the pygame, to a

- Functions in Python -

Function- ● A function is a named block of code designed to perform a specific task. ● It takes in some input (optional), processes it, and gives us some output. (optional) ● A function once defined, can be called many times. eg: function to draw a square, function to calculate average, etc. A function has 2 parts - function definition and function call. Have you ever used a soft drink vending machine? You give it some input (the drink you want, money ) and it does some processing inside(checks the amount, checks availability) and gives you the output(the soft drink). Here, you are not bothered about, how the machine works or from where it gets the soft drink. right? You just give the input and you get the required output. isn’t it? Functions in programming also behave in a similar way. Function definition: Set of instructions that form the function. Syntax def <function name>(<parameter>): <statement 1> <statement 2> --------

- Quiz game in Python -

Game Overview ● Questions are stored in a file. We will have to read it from the file and store it in a dictionary. ● 2 points for the correct answer and -1 point for the wrong answer ● Max no. of questions asked:5 ● Questions will be shuffled once and then asked sequentially. File Template (for the program) Each question in the file is stored as <Question> : <Answer> Here ‘:’ acts as a separator between question and answer. Each line read from the file will be of string data type. ‘:’ helps in separating the answer from the question. Note: Make sure you add a ‘:’ between question and answer if adding a question manually. Algorithm Now that you have seen how the quiz game works, Let's have look at the algorithm for the same. 1. Read the entire file 2. From each line read, get the question and answer a. Add to dictionary 3. Print the rules of the game 4. Shuffle the questions 5. Get each question from the quiz dictionary a. Ask the question

Python for kids and beginners with example code in fun and unique way.

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